Why Speak Using Plain English?

Speakers, trainers, and presenters generally agree with each other on proper speaking techniques. We all agree that you should strive to maintain eye contact, infuse your speech with vocal variety, and present useful information to your listener.

The community is largely divided on the issue of word choice when speaking. Many speakers believe that you should speak in terms above your audience's comprehension level. That same school of speakers believe that big confusing words make you sound smart and attract people to your message.

Think about that line of reasoning for a second. Why say you enjoy open camp fires? Doesn't the word conflagration sound better? Why would you say your sandwich was disgusting? Wouldn't it be better if you expressed your abhorrence with the selection? Why would you describe the night as dark? The tenebrous night makes you sound much smarter. Right?

It is true that smarter people use bigger words isn't it? You have to be smart to trap such large words in your brain. Your ordinary person just doesn't use words like conflagration, abhorrence, and tenebrous. If you use them then that automatically makes you smart and worthy of attention, doesn't it?

I'm searching for a phrase here. Let me find the right way to say it. Here we go.

NO...it doesn't make you sound smarter. Read on to discover 3 Painfully Obvious Reasons to Speak in Plain English.

1. Large Words Block Information Flow

The typical million dollar, 4 syllable word is a confusing beast. The object of speaking, presenting, or communicating ideas is to transit information. Information can not be successfully received and processed if it is not understood.

You could take the stance that you are only talking to people who understand all the words you use. I'm fine with that if you enjoy talking to yourself. Don't be stubborn enough to think that people will take from their precious time to research all the jargon that comes out of your mouth. Your information (and the time that went into preparing it) will be discarded on the spot if it is beyond comprehension.

If your message is not understood then you might as well not talk.

2. Boring

Think about what you do when someone goes on and on about something that you don't understand or have little interest in. At first you are incredibly interested. Natural curiosity will carry you through the introduction. After 30 minutes of listening to someone drone on about things you don't know in a language you can't comprehend you lose interest.

Your eyes get hazy.

You suddenly gain an interest in folding the corners of your paper.

Your fingernails become an entree.

You do anything you can to pass the time as the speaker continues to pound you with layer upon layer of confusing nonsense. When it is all over you quickly collect your things and leave.

Did you learn anything from that speaker? NO.

Do you want people to learn when you speak? ABSOLUTELY.

3. Condescending

The last thing you want to do when presenting is give off the impression that you are better than your audience. Don't get it confused. People enjoy being around successful people. That is a proven fact. A vocabulary full of dictionary words doesn't do anything to cement your success. In fact, going overboard with the large words will do more to tarnish your success.

When people enter a conversation, turn on the news, or sit in a chair and listen to you speak they want to understand what you are saying. If you continuously toss use words beyond the comprehension of your audience you will earn the label of an arrogant elitist.

I'm sure you know one or two people whom you consider to be arrogant. Would you ever listen to them talk for more than 10 seconds? Of course not.

Your audience feels the same way about arrogant people.

Conclusion

Don't take this article the wrong way. I am an intellectual if you ever met one. I graduated from one of the toughest engineering schools in the country, my IQ is 125, and I build indestructible battle ships out of wet paper bags. If anyone can think at a high level I can most certainly do it.

I also have a strong grasp on what it means to be a great communicator. You don't have to act like you're reading Dr. Seuss' Green Eggs and Ham to your child's 3rd grade class. A normal tone with strong descriptive words and great information will do just fine.

Large confusing words are fine in the right environment. If you're in a room full of neurosurgeons, MENSA members, or PhD students feel free to express yourself with every 4, 5, and 6 syllable word you know. Everybody else wants to hear your information in plain English.

If you disagree then invite me to your next presentation. Take special precaution to use all the million dollar words and confusing catch phrases. I'll be sure to bring a pillow. I refuse to be the only person awake!

Marcus Smith is a creative force in the public speaking world who strives to meet the needs of each and every client. His experience as the Toastmasters President at a fortune 15 company will prove invaluable to you.

Beating Public Speaking Fear

The presenter reaches the head of the room and takes a seat at a table in a way that people at the back barely can see and hear him,as he begin with a paper in his hand and with a soft monotone. You have to struggle to hardly understand the gist of his topic. Long sentences,miserable metaphors filled with jargon.as time goes by,your resistance start to shrink and shrink till it vanishes then and only then, you fall asleep.Now,the question that we have to ask ourselves is whether we want our audiences to experience what is described above or rather,what would you expect out of them when they live the miserable moment as our friend lived

Of course,nobody wants to even think about it. Do you? Well,the reason why I dedicate this article is to tackle this problem before your next presentation opportunity.I have gathered for you some proven techniques that will brighten you as a speaker and leave the audience ruptured toward your performance. Too good to be true? Let's dive right in and see …

1)Do you know that you can impress your audience significantly even before you utter a word? YES you can do so through your body movement.before you speak or make any contact with them,take your full time to set up properly and confidently as it sends a burning and aflamed message that you are the right guy to stand up there and no one else.in this particular moment,make sure the stage is organized in a way that suits your needs,put your notes together so that they are easily accessible and prepare your individual equipement.

2)Let the power of first impressions astonish the audience as it strengthens your appearance.make sure you found out what clothing is appropriate for the occasion.Just dress a bit more formally.this will be enough for them to understand that both the presentation and the audience are important to you.

3)As you know,body language consists of appearance,facial expressions,postures,movements,gestures and eye contact.perhaps,this latter is the most influential one among these components.You may heard the saying "the eyes are the windows of the soul" ,in our case, the eyes are our keys to get our message across efficiently and effectively.make sure to maintain a constant eye contact with all the viewers ranging from the front to the back,and from the left to the right.

4)As important as eye contact,facial expressions can make an enormous difference in the audience's receptiveness.proper facial expressions invigorate the content of the speech.you can show your good intentions with a smile at the beginning and during the speech process.also express your perplexity, puzzlement and unpleasantness with the respective expressions.

5)Another influential factor in the speech-making process is the use of voice.It is crucial that one should varies his or her pitch,rate,volume and speed as he or she speaks for dynamism and lethargy avoidance sake.we use pitch to stress on the importance of a word and add emotions to it as the best way to boost the attractiveness of the speech.an additional factor to pay more attention to is the rate of speech,it includes the pause and the speed.use pause when you want to emphasis a thought that you have just uttered.

All in all, the success you will receive depends largely on whether you apply what is mentioned above or not.I guarantee that you will achieve more that you ever expected out of your presentations once you implement these strategies that the most skillful presenters all over the world are implementing to maximize there efforts.

SIMON GARMAH is an executive Communications Consultant and Coach. He is president of Lifestyles Communications, Inc. which helps individuals communicate in the new global and virtual world. His fear public speaking blog. http://public-speaking-tips1.blogspot.com

The Crucial Skill Of Business

Increasingly in this day and age we are being called upon to give talks and presentations. Whilst there are people who do this, usually a senior manager, they may be missing the essential business communication skill.

They've been doing a job for a certain number of years and have a thorough understanding of their job. But that doesn't always guarantee that they know how to present. I, personally, have had direct experience of bad speakers from working in the public sector.

One of the key elements that is often overlooked, these days, is the attention span of the people that you're talking to.

With fast-paced TV editing, the internet and viral video people are used to quickly flipping from one piece of information to the next.

But when we have to give a presentation we often forget this and talk at length, on a subject without giving a second thought to grabbing an audience's attention right from the outset.

A few years ago I used to perform stand-up comedy and what I learned was that you needed a strong opening line as well as a strong closing one. The middle of the act would take care of itself (almost). You need to grab them by the lapels to make sure they listen.

That's an experience I try to remember myself when delivering speeches. The opening needs to be memorable and relevant and you need to get the audience to sit up and take notice of what it is you have to say.

I remember, oftentimes, the bad comedians would begin their acts with questions like: "where are you from?" The same can sometimes be said for certain speakers. It's dead air. From a listeners perspective however that represents static. As a speaker you have potentially wasted valuable seconds that you could have used to win your listeners over to your side.

But if you open with a relevant quote, or a fact that directly relates to what it is that you're going to be talking about then that can be extremely valuable. Likewise, you need to end strongly, with a quote or a call to action.

Tip: if you open with a quote try not to end with a quote as well. Perhaps give your listeners a call to action. For example, "over the next 5 days..." then tell them what you want them to implement. By doing this you give your audience variety.

By doing this you will have implemented an essential business communication skill and you can start with a bang and not a damp squib!

Jason Peck is a Humorist, Speaker and Coach based in London, England. For more humour techniques, tips and secrets, check out Jason's Jason Peck is a Humorist, Speaker and Coach based in London, England. For more humour techniques, tips and secrets, check out Jason's hub page Learn to be Funny

The Fear Of Public Speaking

Fear of public speaking can prevent you from achieving great accomplishments that most of the people who have triumphed over the fear of public speaking are enjoying.you need to steal the light from your competitors by speaking in a breathtaking manner in front of others.for instance,in a business meeting.public speaking is the skill that you need to be armed with when you are to set for a job interview and so on so forth.Hence,fortifying yourself with this invaluable skill can give you an unfair advantage over your competitors.over the following lines,you will learn the very techniques than you need to apply before you launch your public speaking event :

1) The most important aspect of your presentation is your audience, as meeting their expectations about what you have to say is your first and foremost concern.for this purpose,studying the audience is the first thing to do in order for you to understand them well and hence communicate with them based on what you learnt.to do this effectively,ask yourself the following questions: - what are their educational background about the subject matter? -their age,gender and sexual orientation?,marital status?,occupations? -do I know something about their interests? values? political views? religious believes? -what the audience know? What they want to know? And what are their reasons to listen? -......etc Got it? Great,by answering these questions,you are in the right track in building a successful relation with the audience.

2) decide what is the purpose of your presentation.usually,we present in order to inform,entertain or persuade,determine the specific objective of this presentation by limiting the area of research in your preparation stage.to help you more,the specific purpose is what the main message you want your audience to grasp.now the way is paved for the preparation stage.

3)after you have determining the focus of your public speaking event,It's time to research your topic.your audience are expecting an thorough and brand new information about the subject matter.so take your time in exploring the topic so as to satisfy their needs.here are some resources you may want to use : -Books -encyclopedias -newspapers -magazines -atlases -professional journals -audio recording -videos -T.V -Interviews -Internet You can copy the exact content with the respect of the copywriting laws,paraphrase paragraphs or simply summarize content.

4)Now we've reached the last step in your preparation process.Once you have found the needed information,now it's time to organize them.perhaps the easiest way is to divide them into : introduction,body and conclusion. You may want to start organizing your introduction first however,start with the body will help to reach a great introduction.

Look at your research list components and see how you can divide them into easy-to-remember points.a short speech of 5 minutes should not contain more than three or four main points.determining your body will effectively generate great introduction and conclusion.in most cases,your introduction should function as an attention grabber and tease the curiosity of the listeners. While the introduction induces the audience to listen,the conclusion should serve the purpose of reviewing the main points and shape them in a way that makes them digestible .finally,insert a well structured sentence that ensure to leave a great impression about you and your presentation.

SIMON GARMAH is an executive Communications Consultant and Coach. He is president of Lifestyles Communications, Inc. which helps individuals communicate in the new global and virtual world. His fear public speaking blog.So take the first step toward conquering your fear of public speaking

How Important Is Audience Interaction?

Audience Interaction - The Key to Successful Public Speaking

Audiences are made up of individual people. The art of successful public speaking is talking to an audience as if you are talking to one person. To really have an impact on your audience, to really connect with them on a personal level and have them engaged in what you are sharing with them is the measure of public speaking success.

When we talk to someone individually there are things we do that help us to connect with that other person, such as:

making eye contact facing them asking questions telling stories smiling and using gestures

As a public speaker these encourage audience interaction because audiences want to be entertained as well as informed and a lively, personable presenter is one who connects with their audience so that the audience feels they are part of the presentation and can respond to the speaker.

A sure-fire way to increase audience participation is to ask your audience questions or get them to do something active - even something as simple as writing down some ideas. Then you get to interact with the audience and they feel connected to you as the presenter.

People also like to know how the information that you, as a public speaker, is presenting to them will help them. Get them to do things that make them think about how they can use your information. You'll get more audience interaction and participation if people feel the information is relevant to them as individuals and that they can apply it to their work and life.

To be able to get audience participation it's vital that you know who your audience is and why you are presenting to them. When preparing a presentation it's a good idea to ask yourself:

What is my presentation aiming to achieve? What is my audience really interested in? What are some of the characteristics of my audience members? What would be really useful to my audience?

You will present differently according to the type of people who make up your audience. You wouldn't present your material in the same way to a group of managers as you would to a group of high school students or a group of retirees. Although your topic might be the same for all these audiences, what you will focus on and the way you'll present your material will be focused on the types of people who are listening.

So, audience interaction and audience participation are crucial for public speaking success and the secret is to understand your audience and to personally connect with them as individual people.

Remember, the more audience participation and interaction that has happened during your presentation the more you as a public speaker and your message will be remembered and acted on.

Trevor Ambrose is a Public Speaking Coach and Author.

Do you want to overcome the fear of Public Speaking and stage fright? Do you want to know the techniques professional speakers use? Now you can - http://www.changingtools.com. Become a better Speaker Today.

(c) Copyright - Trevor A. Ambrose - All Rights Reserved Worldwide

Author: "Public Speaking. Talk Sense, Talk with Confidence" Public Speaking, Negotiation & Persuasion Coach. Holds a degree in Business Psychology and Sociology Founder and Owner of Changingtools.com Pty Ltd

Improving Your Presentation Skills

If you will be presenting something in front of a live audience, you need to have the necessary skills in order for you to deliver what you want to say effectively. If your last presentation didn't really come out as planned, you might need to improve your presentation skills in order to get it right the next time.

First of all, the work starts out way before you are in front of your audience. The work starts in the planning of your presentation. The first thing you need to consider is find out who you will be speaking to. You need this information in order to really prepare on how you should deliver your presentation.

In the actual presentation, you only have fifteen to thirty seconds to make a first impression to your audience. In this first fifteen seconds, you would want to grab your audience's attention. This is why your opening line is also one of the most important factors in making a presentation. One of the best ways in making an opening line is to perk your audiences up with a humorous line.

The next thing is answer your audience's "why should I care?" and "what's in it for me?" questions. What this means is that you should give them a reason to listen to your presentation. These two questions, even though unspoken, are what everyone in your audience is asking. If you can answer these questions, you can now move on to your presentation.

So, now that you have their attention and answered the two unspoken questions of your audiences, you now have to think of a way to open the main topic. Start it out by quoting someone, or start it with a joke. With this introduction it will really carry you and your presentation very far.

The most important aspect of your presentation is the audience. If you don't catch their attention, your presentation may and will be a failure. So, before you start your presentation, you should first know your audience.

With this knowledge, you can write about the different ways to catch their attention. Make them feel at ease while you are making a presentation. Consider adding a little humor to your presentation. Nothing makes a presentation dull and boring faster by being uptight. Loosen up a bit and make your audience comfortable listening to you.

These are some of the things you should remember when making a presentation. You can also tape your presentation and watch yourself. By doing this, you can watch your own presentation and ask yourself if the man speaking in your TV is entertaining you or not. With this, you can improve your skills in presentation.

Always remember that having the right introduction, the right attitude and also the right material are the most important aspects on making a good presentation.

Making a presentation is all about your people skills. If you have good people skills, you will surely make a good first impression to the audience. If you don't, you can always improve your skills more.

Always keep in mind that boredom is the killer of all presentations. Depending on the news you will present your audiences with, you should always keep their attention on you. Make the audience want to hear your presentation.

Published At: Isnare Free Articles Directory http://www.isnare.com

Mario Churchill is a freelance author and has written over 200 articles on various subjects. For more information on business ideas or brainstorming checkout his recommended websites.

Can I Overcome Stage Fright And Public Speaking Fear?

The majority of people suffer from some form of stage fright, public speaking fear, or even speaking phobia. Can a person reach a point where they never have these fears and feelings?

Let's study experienced speakers for a moment. Do they suffer from nervousness and speaking fear?

Yes and no. Most look forward to speaking and don't dread it. However, the majority do experience some nervousness, adreline rush, and a shot of fear before going on stage.

Why would a speaker with over 600 engagements feel this? Here are a couple reasons.

First, your body senses the big event and pours adrenaline into your system. This can cause the shaky knees, sweat, etc.

Second, no matter how many times a person has spoke in public, a speaking event still has the possibility for major failure. We could mess up, the audience may be hostile, or our voice starts to shake.

This of course causes your body to pour more adrenaline into your system.

You may be thinking, "If the experienced speakers still have some nervousness, how do they speak with such confidence and calmness?"

Or you may be asking, "Is there anyway I can cure my speaking fear?"

There is hope! Don't get discouraged.

Experienced speakers have learned how to control their feelings and fear. They may feel nervousness and fear before going on stage. However, it does not effect their presentation, because they know the secrets to saying no to fear and yes to confidence.

Learn these secrets and you can conquer speaking fear and speak with confidence every time.

About the Author

Do you dread or fear public speaking? Get a Free Video & Special report on how to reduce speaking fear. www.Fear2Confidence.com

Arlen Busenitz is the creator of "Speak with Confidence: How to Conquer Public Speaking Fear with 4 Simple Steps" Learn more on how to overcome speaking fear.

Presentation Skills: Are They Snoring In The Back Row?

Top 5 tips for an engaging and dynamic presentation that gets and keeps your audiences' attention

Imagine that you have spent the better part of two weeks working on an important speech you plan to give to your company. You think you have done everything right. You have created a PowerPoint presentation with tons of information and flash animation. You have created handouts of the slides for your audience, so they can follow along. Although you haven't had time to rehearse the presentation you are not worried, because you have the entire speech typed out. You plan to read it while you blow their socks off with the dynamic PowerPoint slides. Everything should be perfect, right? WRONG!!!

If you were to look at your audience (which you cannot, because you are reading your script) you would see them either riveted to the screen or to the handout in front of them, but not at you. The audience members who are eye weary from all the information you have packed into the slides are closing their eyes just to rest them. What went wrong?

Experienced speakers know that to engage their audience, they must build rapport. Reading from a script makes this difficult, if not impossible, because connecting with an audience requires direct eye contact. No matter how well written your speech, if you read your presentation to an audience, you will lose them.

Reading to your audience can also make you seem less authoritative. The audience wonders, "If you know so much about the topic, why can't you just talk about it? Why are you reading?"

Here are 5 tips for getting and keeping your audience's attention:

Make Eye Contact

Free yourself from the written page and demonstrate your expertise by using one of these ideas:
1. Memorization
If you want to memorize your speech, it is helpful to rehearse it out loud just before you go to sleep and right when you get up.

2. Outline
If you use the outline method to create your script, you can simply go back and clean it up and use that for the presentation. If you don't have an outline prepared you can create one using the major points of your presentation.

3. Key word method
This technique calls for you to select key words from your script that represent a paragraph or two of information. These key words should jog your memory so that you can speak extemporaneously. You can use a single page of key words, or place them on 3x5 cards (always number the cards). If you are a visually oriented person you can find an image that represents the key word and create a pictogram.

4. Teleprompter
Nothing helps you maintain good eye contact without memorization like the teleprompter

When speaking to an audience, you want to make everyone in the audience feel that the message is being directed to them personally. If you find that actually looking into the eyes of your audience is difficult and distracting, look at the tops of their heads which will create the illusion that you are speaking directly to them.

In order to include the whole audience, use a "Z" pattern. Start by looking at the front left section of the audience. After finishing your thought, turn your gaze to the front right section. Again, finish your thought and direct your gaze to the center section. Then look at the rear left section and after completing your thought look to the rear right section.

Know your audience

The more you know about your audience's wants, needs and level of understanding, the better able you are to craft a speech they will feel compelled to listen to. Too often speakers give the same presentation to different groups. "Generic" speeches tend to lose most of the audience. A speech needs to be relevant and specific.

You need to make sure that you are using words and ideas that are easily grasped by your audience. This doesn't mean you have to "dumb down" your speech, but it does mean checking to make sure that you are not using jargon or acronyms that are only known by a few.

Your audience is always thinking, "What's in this for me?" Keep this question in mind when you craft your speech.

Throw away your PowerPoint

I think that there is no other element of a presentation that can bore an audience more quickly than PowerPoint slides. Okay, I know you are starting to curse at me now. Get rid of PowerPoint? Well, maybe I need to restate that. You can keep PowerPoint, if you use it properly and effectively and not as an eye sight test. Follow these simple rules:

1. Choose an easy font to read, such as Arial or Times Roman.
2. Font size should be at least 28 pt (bulleted items should be at least 22 pt).
3. Use colors carefully (reds and oranges are hard to focus on).
4. Don't crowd too many words on the screen (3 lines of type is more than enough).
5. Keep the slides simple, clean and easy to read.
6. View the PowerPoint presentation on the screen after you have created the slides and prior to your presentation. Check for ease of readability. The slides really do look different on the screen.
7. Don't read the slides verbatim. Quite frankly, most of your audience will be able to read the slide, so why repeat it?

I think the most powerful PowerPoints are those that use only pictures, a key word or phrase or graphics. There is no reason to simply use a slide to repeat what you have said. Instead, use a visual aid to reinforce your point. It is true that a picture is worth a thousand words.

You should direct your audiences attention to the screen and back to you. Simply turn your gaze to the screen for a moment or two and then look back to your audience. These subtle cues allow your audiences attention to move from the screen then back to you.

Give hand-outs after your presentation.

If you are making a presentation that has a lot of important and/or technical information, you can provide a hand-out, but only AFTER the presentation. If people have your slides while you are speaking they tend to read ahead or stay glued to the hand-out and not to you. If you give them the hand out after your presentation, it will reinforce all of your material without stealing attention from you.

Rehearse

I know people hate to rehearse. It is hard not to feel silly when practicing your speech. However, there is nothing that helps a speaker more than the familiarity and ease you get from saying the words out loud. (Yes, it does make a difference to say the words out loud.) I practice when I am in my car driving alone or while on the treadmill at home. The shower can also be a great place to practice.

Try these ideas with your next presentation. Even if you only use one or two of these tips, you will have taken a huge step toward being the speaker that your audience will be compelled to stay awake and listen to. No one will be snoring in the back row.

Published At: Isnare Free Articles Directory http://www.isnare.com

Laurie Brown is an international speaker, trainer and consultant who works to help people improve their sales, service and presentation skills. She is the author of The Teleprompter Manual, for Executives, Politicians, Broadcasters and Speakers. Laurie can be contacted through http://www.thedifference.net, or 1-877.999.3433, or at lauriebrown@thedifference.net

Don't Use PowerPoint as a Teleprompter

I will never forget what it was like to attend one of the official Windows 95 launch events. A few hundred people were gathered in an auditorium to watch a pair of Microsoft employees extol the virtues of their shiny new operating system.

So what do I remember most vividly about that event? Was it the list of wonderful new features in Windows 95? Was it the fancy new user interface? Was it the sight of Bill Gates on video, showing Jay Leno how easy it was to use the new operating system?

No, the most memorable aspect of that evening was the presentation by the two Microsoft employees. It's not because their presentation was slick or professional, mind you. Quite the contrary; while they had clearly put a lot of effort into their presentation, they clearly weren't prepared enough.

The problem was with their PowerPoint presentation. As the Microsoft drones read their list of the top ten features in Windows 95, they made the same mistake that many PowerPoint users commit. They projected their slides onto the screen, and then they read the slides out loud to the audience. Naturally, before the presenters had uttered more than a couple of words, the listeners had already read the entire text. The entire audience must have been thinking, "Why are these people reading the slides to us? We can do that ourselves!"

This is an all-too-common occurrence. I'm sure that most of us have attended meetings wherein the presenters simply read the text on their slides-in effect, using PowerPoint as a teleprompter. At best, this can make the presentation boring and unprofessional. At worst, it can be insulting to the audience; after all, they can read the words far more quickly than the presenter can vocalize them. When presenters fail to understand this, they come across as being lazy and unprepared-perhaps even incompetent.

There's a critical difference between a teleprompter and a PowerPoint presentation. Teleprompters make the words visible to the speaker BUT NOT THE AUDIENCE. This allows the speaker to read the words while still looking in the general direction of the audience. When used effectively, they make the speaker look polished and well prepared. It creates the illusion that he knows exactly what to say.

In contrast, a PowerPoint presentation can usually be seen by the entire audience. This shatters the illlusion. When the speaker reads the words out loud, it makes him look as though he has poor recall and was too lazy to master his material. As a result, he comes across as ineffectual rather than intelligent.

That is why it's best to use the PowerPoint presentation to highlight key points instead. An effective speaker would then rephrase and expand on each of the points in the slides. If necessary, one can even rely on written notes for additional information-without reading these notes verbatim, of course. Is this more work for the speaker? Certainly, but remember... when giving a presentation, the PowerPoint slides are not primarily for the speaker's convenience. Rather, they exist for the benefit of the audience. Their main purpose is to help the audience follow and understand the discussion more effectively, and that will require preparation on the part of the presenter.

About the Author

Dr. Velasco works for a bioscience firm that provides PBMC samples, ELISPOT assay tools and colony counters.